A-Level Mathematics • Proof • A5

Proof by Contradiction: Infinite Primes

Explore Euclid's classic proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

Video Lesson 14 Minutes Pure Mathematics Advanced Level

šŸŽ¬ Animated Lesson

šŸŽ™ Narration

Follow a proof by contradiction that begins by assuming there are only finitely many primes and then constructs an impossible consequence.

🧠 Key Idea

In a proof by contradiction, we assume the opposite of what we want to prove and show that this assumption leads to an impossibility.

āœ… Learning Outcome

After completing this lesson you should be able to:

  • State the opposite assumption
  • Construct the number formed from all listed primes
  • Identify the resulting contradiction
  • Conclude that infinitely many primes exist

Worked Example

Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

Assume, for contradiction, that there are only finitely many primes:

p₁, pā‚‚, …, pā‚™.

Form the number N = p₁p₂…pā‚™ + 1.

Dividing N by any listed prime leaves remainder 1, so none of them divides N.

Therefore, N is prime or has a prime factor not in the list.

This contradicts the assumption that the list contained every prime.

Hence, there are infinitely many prime numbers.

Quick Quiz

Why can none of the listed primes divide N = p₁p₂…pā‚™ + 1?

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